Lily 練英文 / 加拿大留學

(source: unsplash.com)

因為疫情的關係，都待在家裡

所以很自然的~~~~ 已經兩天沒有洗頭啦!

你知道「我已經連續兩天沒洗頭了」英文怎麼說嗎？

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會寫這篇的原因，是因為我好像都講 straight two days

但其實應該要講 two straight days
於是我上網查了一下

上網搜尋「連續兩天 英文」你可能會查到 two consecutive days

那，two consecutive days 跟 straight two days 的差別又是什麼？？？

-----------------------------------------------------

首先我們先來看看 2 days in a row和 2 straight days 的差別在哪裡？

答案是：沒有差別，都是連續兩天的意思。

那，two consecutive days 有差別嗎？

這邊就要看語意了。

straight refers to a stretch of time as uninterrupted or unrelieved (e.g. by a respite) or unvaried (e.g. in routine), 

whereas consecutive means one after the other. 

straight 有「不間斷、沒有休息、經常一貫」的意思

而 consecutive 則是「一個接著一個」的意思。

網友提供一個例句：

She had to attend three consecutive two-hour meetings. She was going to be tied up for six straight hours.

她要參加連續三個兩小時的會議。她會連續6小時都很忙碌。

這邊你可以知道，這是三場不同但一個接著一個的會議。然後她會連續忙碌整整6個小時。

但其實很多時候，2 straight days跟 2 consecutive days

都可以用，不需要那麼執著於哪一個用法

例如：

She stayed at that hotel for five consecutive days.

She stayed at that hotel for five straight days.

兩句話的意思就是「她連續5天都住在那間飯店」。

畢竟不管是「一天接著一天」或是「不間斷的好幾天」都是連續好幾天的意思。

結論是什麼？看了幾篇網友的回答：

...as a native speaker I see no difference in meaning between the two.

基本上都意思都是通的啦。

---------------------------------------------

回到主題：

「我已經連續兩天沒洗頭了」英文怎麼說？

I haven't washed my hair for 2 striaght days!

好啦，不說了，我去洗頭了。

參考資料：
3 days in a row/3 days straight

Do “three consecutive days” mean the same as “three straight days”?

最近在重新聽一些喜歡的中文

突然想試試看把歌詞翻譯成英文

但發現不是那麼容易的事情啊....

相信大家都聽過這首 好樂團 的《我把我的青春給你》

歌詞講述著(應該是)第三者的愛情觀

很美，感情很深的一首歌

最近在翻譯文章的時候遇到的小問題，Lawyer、 Attorney、 Counselor 這三個詞都叫做律師，

但它們之間究竟有什麼區別呢？今天我們就來分個清楚吧。

（source: unsplash）

Lawyer  One who is licensed to practice law

是對於律師這個職業的統稱。凡是經過相關法律培訓並取得律師執照的人都可以被稱為Lawyer，它只代表一種職業。

Attorney  One or more lawyers who represent a client

是律師被客戶僱傭後的一種稱呼。Attorney本身有代理人的含義，也就是說客戶授權律師代表自己，為自己處理相應的法律問題。

這個詞較廣泛的應用於美國，還有更正式的可以稱為attorney-at-law或者counselor at law。

Counselor  One who is designated to transact business for another

是指代理律師中上法庭辯護的那個律師。一個人可以有一群Attorney，但是其中只能有一個是Counselor。

Counselor是唯一能在法庭上為客戶進行辯護的人，一般無特殊原因，Counselor是不能隨便更換的。

最常說Counselor這個詞的人就是法官大人了，

在很多美劇中，你都會看到雙方律師在法庭上吵得不可開交，而這時法官大人就會生氣地說：Counselors，come to my bench!（律師們，到我的席前來一下！）

本文整理自：知呼、滬江英語

哈囉大家好，英文筆記很久沒有更新了

本來預計要每個月都更新兩本閱讀心得

結果...4月.....嗯....

總之今天寫英文作文的時候，發現自己對於疲倦的說法除了 tired 之外一時想不到呢！

又不想用 exhausted 那麼沒崩潰的感覺。

(圖源：https://www.grammarly.com/blog/7-motivation-tips/)

於是上網查查資料，整理了一下 6 個「疲累的」英文說法！

1. dog-tired       (adj. )累的像條狗 [informal, emphasis]

e.g. If you say that you are dog-tired, you are emphasizing that you are extremely tired.

2. exhausted       (adj. ) 筋疲力盡的(不管精神上、或是肉體上的耗盡都可以用)

e.g. She was too exhausted and distressed to talk about the tragedy.

接下來3.4.5.6. 跟 exhausted 同義，可以替換使用，但5.6.為俚語，正式作文請注意不要使用。

3. drained           (adj. ) 筋疲力盡的

e.g. He could rest only when he was too drained of energy to fret further.

4. worn-out        (adj. ) 筋疲力盡的

e.g. Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn out.

(另外，worn-out 還有1. 磨損了的，用壞了的，穿舊了的 2. 陳腐的 意思)

5. I'm beat          我累斃了

beat在英文俚語作形容詞用，形容一個人累到「筋疲力竭」的狀態。

e.g.  I don't want to go shopping tonight. I'm beat. 

6. I'm fried          我累癱了

fried 是炸的；I'm fried 形容人累癱了，彷彿精力被榨乾般疲乏。

e.g. At dinner after the book signing, he's fried, barely able to converse.

看完之後是否也覺得....好累了呢XD

希望這篇對你有幫助啦~

希望最近準備考試之餘還是會新增一些閱讀書籍的心得以及英文筆記囉。

前幾天去了打工的面試~
雖然說以前也有打過工 也有簡單面試過
但是這次可是去一間大公司
我一點都不敢大意!!!

這次的工作是媽媽的朋友在H.R.(human resource)部門工作而得知的
想到未來畢業了就要好好認真找工作就覺得
更應該來了解一下各種行業!

來囉~~ 跟面試有關的各種單字  

[[徵人篇]]
1. hidden job market (ph.)潛在工作市場
    The hidden job market is a term used to describe jobs that aren't posted online or advertised.
    Job seekers can tap the hidden job market by using networking connections to help find unadvertised job openings.

2. staffing service (ph.) 人力仲介
    Staffing Services makes it easy for employers to find the right staff quickly.

3. genre (n.) kind; mode
    A compact sitting-room of the same genre was outside.

4. pertaining (a.) 從屬於...的; 附屬的(+to)
    pertinent (a.) 有關的;附屬的
    Eustatic change is pertaining to worldwide changes of sea level that affect all the oceans.
    I supported my original claim with evidence: a brief but pertinent history of my work experience.

5. classified (n.) 分類廣告 (a.) 分類的
    I've been looking through the classifieds for a car I can afford.
    The part of the report that includes classified information was removed before the report was made public.

6. extent (n.) 程度;範圍
    To an extent, they're both right.

7. compartmentalize (v.) 劃分;區分
    He compartmentalizes his life by keeping his job and his personal life separate.

8. assort (v.) 分類;分級
    sort    (v.) 將...分類 (n.) 種類;類別
    He assorted the book alphabetically.
    She started to sort the mail.
    *補充: sort (something) out or sort out (something)
            : to understand or find (something, such as a reason or a solution) by thinking                
              I'm trying to sort out [=find out, figure out] a way to do it.
    What sort of car do you drive?
    *補充: all sorts of: a large number or variety of (things or people) 
                               The movie appeals to all sorts of people.

9. employment gap (ph.) 就職空窗
    job opening (ph.) 職缺
    vacant (a.) 空缺的;閒置的
    An employment gap or gap in employment history is important because it raises red flags in the eyes of a potential employer when the unemployed individual tries to return to work.
   The job opening may specify that a resume is required, and it will indicate how applicants should apply for the job.
   The seat/post/position was left vacant when the secretary resigned.

10. notify party (ph.) 聯絡人
      Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement.

11. eligible (a.) 有資格當選的
     He won't be eligible to retire until next year.
     *補充: (a.): suitable and desirable for marriage
                      He's an eligible bachelor. [=an unmarried man who would make a good husband]

12. precondition (n.) 先決條件;前提
      An education is an essential/important/necessary precondition [=prerequisite] for getting a good job.

13. change jobs (ph.) 轉換工作跑道
     Hiring managers are often curious about why you want to change jobs.

14. refresh the page (ph.)充新載入頁面
     You can also refresh web pages by pressing "Ctrl + F5."

15. built-in (a.) 內建的
      We're going to have built-in cupboards in the bedrooms.

16. bacon job (ph.) 好差事; 人人搶著做的工作

17. make out (ph.) 填寫; 寫出
      fill in (ph.) 填寫
      fill out (ph.) 填寫
      He made out a check for $100 to cover the cost of the repairs.
      Please fill in the blanks.
      She filled out an application.

18. manual worker (ph.) 體力勞動者; 手工勞動者
      The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.                                                                        

19. résumé (n.)  履歷表
      C.V. (curriculum vitae) (abbr.) 履歷表
     His musical résumé includes performances at Carnegie Hall, a stint with the New York Philharmonic, and two Grammys.

20. nationality (n.) 國籍
      She's American, but her parents are of Japanese nationality.

21. P.h.D. (abbr.) 博士學位
      master (n.) 碩士學位
      bachelor (n.) 學士
      He got his PhD from Harvard.
      He is a master of arts.
      He is a bachelor of arts.

22. employment histery (ph.) 工作學歷
     Many employers conduct an employment history verification to confirm that the information you have given them when you applied for a job is accurate.

23. sophisticated (a.) 富有經驗的
      She was a sophisticated and well-traveled woman.

24. recruit (v.) 招募;聘用
      recruiter (n.) 招聘人員
      recruitment (n.) 招募新人
      Public schools are recruiting new teachers.
      He is an army recruiter.
      The company starts a recruitment of college graduates 

25. enlist (v.) 徵募;招募
      enroll (v.) 應募;把...記入名冊
      They're enlisting volunteers for an experiment.
      He enrolled himself in a weight-loss program.

還有很多跟面試有關的英文單字喔~~
待下回分曉~  

**參考資料

1. 最強圖解新多益

2. Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

結果這篇文章被我拖到9月才寫完!
計畫永遠趕不上變化啊  

快開學了還有很多書想讀  很多東西想唸
還有系學會還有打工

廢話不多說進入旅遊英文part 2
這focus在旅館方面的英文~

 [[單字造句]]

1. vacancy (n.) 空間;空房
    There were no vacancies at the hotel.

2. room rate (n.) 房價
    All room rates are subject to 15 % service charge.

3. reconfirm (v.) 再次確認
    I'd like to reconfirm my reservation.

4. front desk (n.) =reception  接待櫃檯
    For the convenience of the guests, the front desk is almost always located near the hotel's main entrance.
    Would you please give the key to the reception desk when you go out ?

5. foyer (n.) (旅館等的)門廳
    Unperturbed, she continued surveying the hotel foyer.

6. commissionaire (n.) 門口警衛
    Zoe was told to take the letter down to a commissionaire.

7. bellhop (n. )飯店服務人員
    The bellhop will show you up to your rooms.

8. accommodation (n.) 住宿
    The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation.

9. sojourn (v.)(n.) 逗留;旅居
    He sojourned with his uncle.

10. resort (n.) 度假中心
     Brighton is a famous seaside resort.

11. youth hostel (n.) 青年旅舍
      I have just arrived in scotland, and I am staying at a youth hostel.

12. inn (n.) 旅舍
      There is an air of romance about the old inn.

13. guesthouse (n.) 賓館;小型家庭旅館
     The man was imprisoned for operating guesthouse without licence

14. campsite (n.) (露營)營地
      Keep your eyes skinned for a campsite!

15. boarding  house (ph.) 供餐民宿
      I was talking to a stranger who knew your dad at the boarding house.

16. bed and breakfast (ph.) 供早餐的民宿
      Bed and breakfast costs 800 NT dollars a night .

17. continental breakfast (ph.) 歐式早餐
     With the continental breakfast , there is an extra charge for a glass of large juice.

18. double occupancy (ph.)雙人房
     double bedded (ph.) 附兩張床的(房間)
     For double occupancy , please indicate the name of your partner.
     Would it be possible to change that to one room with two double beds?

19. amenity (n.) 旅館設施;休閒設備
     A sauna in the hotel will be a useful amenity.

20. lounge (n.) 休息室;會客廳 (v.) 閒蕩;閒逛
     We serve coffee in the lounge.
     The colonel and Crossjay lounged over the garden.

[[旅店實用句子]]

I'll arrive late, but please keep my reservation.
我會晚一點到達，請保留所預訂的房間。

Is hot water available any time?
隨時都有熱水供應嗎?

May I see the room first?
我可以看一看房間嗎?
(如果是當天在找便宜旅館的時候真的要問這句啊!不要Check in之後才後悔~)
(親身經歷 慘痛教訓...)

Do you have any porter to take our baggages to our rooms?
有行李搬運員幫忙嗎?

What time are meals (breadfast)offered?
用餐(早餐)時間是幾點?

Could you call and reserve a taxi for me? (on 5 june ‘s moring)
可以請你幫我預約計程車嗎?

Do you have vacancies for double room type?
你有雙人房型空房嗎?

I want to stay three days longer.
我想再多住三個晚上.

Is breakast included?
早餐是否已包含於費用內?
What is the rate?
房價多少?
How much is it per night?
每晚費用為多少?
Is there a discount for staying several days?
若停留數日是否有任何折扣?
The rate is higher than we expected.
房價比我們預期的還高.
Do you have anything bigger (better/cheaper)?
是否還有更大的(更好的/更便宜的)房間?
Still too expensive. Give me a better discount, and I'll bring back my friends.
還是太貴了，再便宜一點吧，我會帶朋友來。

Could you bring my baggage down to the lobby tomorrow morning?
明早你是否能幫我將行李拿到大廳?
May I leave baggage here till this afternoon?
我可以寄放行李到下午嗎?

I'd like a room for two with separate beds.
我要兩張床的房間。
I'd like as extra bed for room 702.
我要在702房多加一張床。

Where is the emergency exit and staircase?
緊急出口和樓梯在那裏？
Please send another blanket to my room.
請再送一條毯子到我房間。

**參考資料 (點字可以跑出連結喔)  
1. 最強圖解新多益

2. [背包客棧]超實用旅遊英語一日通!

3. Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

4. 常用旅遊英文100句

在家真的很容易東摸西摸 正事又拖到很晚才開始做耶  

所以又來半夜寫文章囉
其實暑假有很多想寫(紀錄)的東西
從7月開始 先是去了阿拉斯加 再來是8月去嘉義打工換宿
覺得 還是有很多單字不會!!!!
尤其是在五樓趣hostle接待外國客人的時候
發現這個不會說,那個不會說~~~~
(也因為換宿了才知道hostle這個單字....)
所以在寫更多遊記之前想來記錄一些單字片語囉  

 [[出國旅遊篇]]

1. concourse (n.)機場中央大廳
    Airline passengers had to pass through the security checkpoints before being allowed in the concourse.

2. entry formalitiies  (ph.) 入境手續
    You're requested to complete the entry formalities in the terminal building.

3. disembark (v.)1.登陸;上岸 2.下車
    The plane's crew members were the last ones to disembark.

4. customs clearance (ph.)關稅申報
    Port customs clearance is an important part of the logistics system.

5. quarantine (n.)(v.)隔離;檢疫
    The infected people were put into quarantine.

6. carousel (n.)行李轉盤
   Where is the luggage carousel at the airport?

7. conveyer (n.)運輸裝置;傳送帶
    Conveyer is an important equipment in the transformation of mechanics to automation.                                                                        

8. cruise (v.)緩慢航行於....;漫遊於...(n.)坐船旅行
    We cruised for a week down the Yangtze River.
    We went on a weeklong cruise down the Yangtze River.

9. traverse (v.)(n.)橫渡;穿越
    The candidates traversed the state throughout the campaign.

10. voyage (v.)(n.)航海;旅行;乘船旅行
      The Titanic sank on her maiden voyage.
      He spent his youth voyaging around the globe.
    

11. 實用句子

I'd like to reconfirm my flight.  
我想要再確認班機。

Could you show us which way our boarding gate is?
你能夠指出我們的登機門在哪嗎?

Excuse me. Is this the transit counter?
抱歉,這裡是辦裡過境的櫃檯嗎?

Do I need to check in again?
我需要再辦裡登機手續嗎?

I'm in transit to Melbourne.
我要轉機去墨爾本。

I hope you can book me on another flight to Athens.
我希望你可以幫忙訂另一班班機去雅典。

Please fill in the disembarkation card and the Baggage Declaration Form.
請填寫入境卡及行李申報單。

Excuse me. Will you tell me how to fill out this disembarkation card?
對不起。請教我怎麼填寫這張入境卡好嗎？

I have to confiscate it.
我必須沒收它。

What time does the next flight leave(take off)?
下班飛機何時起飛?

yo,快四點了 先去睡覺囉~
下一回旅遊英文單字筆記會偏向餐旅單字~
掰咪~  

**參考資料
1. 最強圖解新多益

2. [背包客棧]超實用旅遊英語一日通!

3. Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

On The New York Times yesterday, March 30, this comic compares the new trade pact between Taiwan and China with the Trojan Horse.
美國時間3/30的《紐約時報》時事漫畫，比喻服貿協議為特洛伊木馬。

The demonstrators said they feared the deal would give Beijing too much influence over the country’s economy.

示威者說他們害怕這個交易會讓北京對台灣經濟有太大的影響力
（請注意這裡他用"the country"來說台灣，表示承認我們是一個國家！）

以上轉貼自: The New York Students in Taiwan Protest Trade Deal With China

                 Plurk post #轉臉書 #紐約時報

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

凱道集會》美媒：太陽花學運「美麗奪目」

PHOTOS: Taiwan's SunfloweSun Movement Protest Is Also Strikingly Beautiful

有些單字在 上一篇 [服貿議題英文x多益單字] 318 Parliament Occupation in Taiwan 出現過囉!

快來看看其他單字:

1. ram (v.)反覆灌輸，迫使接受 [（+across/through）]

    Students are accusing their government of ramming through a controversial trade deal with China.

2. dub (v.)授予……稱號；把……叫做

    The protests, dubbed the "sunflower movement," started two weeks ago when Taiwan's ruling party pushed the trade bill through the parliamentary review process without bipartisan discussion.

3. fend (v.)抵擋，擊退；避開 [（+off）]

    Students stormed the parliament building and have occupied the main chamber for 14 days, fending off attempted police raids by piling entrances and exits with furniture.

4. skeptical (adj.)懷疑的，多疑的 [（+about/of）]

    transparency (n.)透明；透明度

    However, many in the country are deeply skeptical of China's influence while at the same time demanding greater transparency from their government.

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其他相關文章:EricMaderLin: Why the American media blackout on Taiwan?

William Pesek: Is China Losing Taiwan?

unprecedented (adj.)無先例的，空前的

facilitate (v.)促進；幫助

The trade pact gives Chinese investors unprecedented leverage power on Taiwan's economy, which would ultimately facilitate a future Chinese takeover of the island.

autocrat (n.)獨裁者

President Ma's actions are seen by most people here as those of an autocrat rather than a democratically elected president.

prank (n.)胡鬧；惡作劇

This particular gangster organization isn't known for pulling April Fool's pranks.

incompetence (n.)不勝任﹐不稱職

constraint(n.)約束；限制

It may just be journalistic incompetence or budget constraints that keep reporters away.

renege (v.)食言；背信；違約

implement (v.)履行；實施；執行

infuriate (v.)使大怒，觸怒

But when Ma reneged on a promise to allow a clause-by-clause review before implementing it, he infuriated the island's youth.

precinct (n.)選區,管理區,管轄區域

Ma seems to have forgotten he's running a democracy, not a Communist Party precinct.

flare up 1. 達到更激烈的狀態; 突然發怒 2. (指疾病)復發

 No doubt Xi and Obama never expected Taiwan to flare up as an issue between them this year.

 服貿議題延燒超過一週了

其實很早就想寫這篇文章

但是因為種種課業因素一直沒有動

現在發現 總之功課還是做不完啊

還是先來寫文章吧!

有關服貿議題學生有製作影片以及部落格來讓國外的人更加了解這場抗爭

我第一個反應就是 深深覺得自己的英文能力還是不足啊!

感覺身為英文系的學子應該有能力用英文幫助

但自己卻未能有效率的做翻譯甚至製作影片這件事情

[點我觀看] 學生自製 I am a Taiwanese影片

這個影片真的讓人深深感動

為了能讓自己有能力用英文簡單表達這起事件

在此引用 <最強圖解新多益單字記憶術> 來看看有沒有什麼字還沒學會!

首先 先來看一些名詞吧!

行政院 Executive Yuan

立法院 Legislative Yuan

總統府 Office of the President

parliament (n.)議會,國會

riot police: 防暴(鎮暴)警察

保安警察: 內政部使用的英文命名是 Special Police

民進黨DPP- democratic progressive party

國民黨KMT - Kuomintang

接著我們來看一些 "Democracy at 4 am" 還有英文新聞的句子 搭配多益單字吧!

1. press conference (n.) 記者會

    The students held a press conference, demanded President Ma to apologize, the police to retreat from parliament, and Premier Jiang Yi-huah to resign.

2. declare, claim, enunciate (v.) 宣布, 聲明

    Students declared the success of congress occupation.

3. manifesto (n.) 宣言,告示

    Speaker Wang says all parties have heard students and their manifestos.

4. vandalism (n.)故意破壞公物（或文化、藝術）的行為

    demonstration (n.) 示威, 示威運動

    Students occupying Legislative Yuan has established common rules, including no vandalism and non-violent demonstration, to maintain peace and reason.

5. vehemently (adv.) 激烈地

    anarchy (n.) 無秩序, 混亂

    Students formed a picket to ensure there will be no vehemently violent actions and anarchy.

6. incur, evoke, generate (v.) 招致, 引起

    aversion (n.) 厭惡,反感

    The refusion to reject CSSTA generated people's aversion.

7. antipathy (n.) 反感,厭惡

    Why do people show great antipathy against President Ma?

8. indifference (n.)漠不關心, 無關緊要的事

    It is indifference that makes the world's most dangerous thing.

    This should not be a matter of indifference to you.

9. gather (v.) 聚集, 集合

    gathering (n.) 集會, 聚集

    1,500 police officers gather and storm Executive Yuan with water connons, preparing to drag away all students in the building.

10. evacuate (v.)撤空，撤離；從……撤退

      Riot police attacked the students to evacuate them, ignoring that the students were unarmed and were not fighting back.

11. deny (v.)否認

      denial (n.) 否定

      Disregard the evidence, Primier Jiang denied the bloody suppressions.

12. march (v.)遊行,示威

      Students expand protest to lead a march.

現在就試著用英文來了解服貿議題吧!

也希望能夠把以下網站轉發給外國朋友!!

相關英文影片 (可以點選youtube英文字幕喔)

[點我看]318 Parliament Occupation in Taiwan 反服貿國際聲援影片

[點我看] Taiwan's Sunflower Student Revolution | China Uncensored影片

相關英文部落格

1. Pray for Taiwan tumblr. 我的同學為此事件建造的tumblr.

[點我看] Pray for Taiwan

2. 台灣學生自製的網站 Democracy at 4 am

http://4am.tw/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23:17訂正+新增

新多益情報誌: 來看看服貿議題多益可以怎麼出題吧!  

[點我看]TOEIC Guide 多益攻略:向國際發聲！先搞懂「服貿協議」的英文

天佑台灣

開了痞客邦有段時間了 現在終於開始動工啦
目前的計畫是整理一些學習,閱讀英文的時候發現"原來這樣啊"
還有"以後這裡還是要注意喔"的心得

雖然我讀的是英文系 還是覺得自己英文很差 很多地方要進步啊

目前正在讀劉美君教授寫的<英文文法有道理!>
是一位同樣是在讀英文系的同學推薦我的 覺得真的很清楚!
有這些清楚的文法邏輯 以後要去當家教也比較好教小孩為什麼文法是這樣啦~

我們都知道動詞有不同的形式 而不同的形式呢 就是代表了不同的語意

動詞後面加 原形動詞Base V,不定詞to-v,動名詞v-ing或是名詞子句that-CL,各有不同含意

原形動詞Base V 所謂的"原形"就是不帶有任何時態標記的形式

這樣沒有自己的時態 原形動詞只能依附在有時態標記的主要動詞之後 在時空上完全相隨
英文的使役動詞後面要加原形就是這個道理  表示"完全操控,使命必達" 有"立刻見效"的語意

不定詞to-v       "to"本身的語意就是"空間位移的方向"

從空間轉換到時間 移動方向就成為"未來目標"
於是若事件牽涉到"未來要做的事"則必須用不定詞to-v 標記      (p.78)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

了解這些之後回到標題

Make 和 Cause有什麼不同呢?

我們都知道 這兩個動詞都有  導致，使...(發生)  的意思

然而make是使役動詞 表示"完全且成功的操控" 後面的補語以原形出現 表示"立即效果"

I made him leave. (我使他離開) ->完全操控,同時同地

而cause呢 語意強調的是因果關係在時空上是可以分割的

這就是他們的不同喔!

I cause him to leave. (我使他離開) -> 多了to 多了時空的分隔!

兩句話都是讓他離開不同的是make him leave是同時同地馬上發生而cause him  to leave就不一定是如此緊密發生 也許是我兩星期前說了一句冒犯他的話 過了一陣子他才離開

I made  him leave right away.

My words caused him to leave two weeks later.

這樣對使用動詞的精確性是不是又學到一些呢? :D

其他動詞如 ask/ order/ tell/ force也有 "操控"的語意

但一樣後面是+ to-v 原因也是一樣的:

I asked/ told him to leave. (o)

I asked/ told him leave. (x)

ask跟tell並沒有強制對方,或是完全操控的語意對方可以不馬上離開,也可以say no                         (p.89-90)

能不能想像那種畫面呢? :D

情況一: I made him leave right away. (我就是使他馬上給我滾了!)

情況二: I cause him to leave two weeks later. (是我的關係使得他兩週之後走了)

情況三: I ask him to leave, but he didn't. (我請他離開,但他卻不走!)

讀完這章節覺得這個是可以讓自己在寫作時更加清楚表達自己在語意傳達的地方喔!

以上整理自<英文文法有道理>  轉載請標註喔

想複習一下使役動詞可以看這裡:

http://sense.pixnet.net/blog/post/21957566-%e2%96%87-%e3%80%8chelp%e3%80%8d%e6%98%af%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%28%e6%ba%96%29%e4%bd%bf%e5%bd%b9%e5%8b%95%e8%a9%9e%ef%bc%9f